Skills Training
Skills Training aims to treat PSA through vicariously improving levels of self-perceived competence. Practicing proper speaking behaviors and skills is thought to raise self-perceived competence by improving speaking abilities. If speaking abilities are improved, PSA decreases.
Video Self-Evaluation
This kind of Skills Training was considered to have a limited effectiveness in treating PSA because it did not improve skills across speech settings and did not improve apprehension or self-perceived competence scores equally for low and high PSAs. The greatest improvements were seen by high PSAs in the classroom. This treatment looks to increase levels of self-perceived competence by providing speakers with a situation in which they get to view themselves as an audience member would. Many Speakers (especially those with high trait PSA) judge themselves too harshly and being provided with this situation lets them see that they are not acutally as bad at giving presentations as they may have thought. Once they realize this, improvement can be made in areas that do need improving. It should be noted that high trait PSAs benefited the most from this kind of treatment. This kind of treatment also helped students improve more quickly. It should be noted though, that students veiwing of the tape sunder the guidance of an educator can increase the effectiveness of this method. This is an example my own video self evaluation. This was a speech I had to give convincing employers to hire me for an assignment. In Video Self-Evaluation I would watch this video and take not of speaking or nonverbal behaviors that I can improve on (e.g. blinking, flow, eye contact, etc.)
Feedback
Feedback, like Video Self-Evaluation, involves critiquing speeches. However, Feedback comes from the teacher and from classmates. There are four kinds of feedback that can be used: during the speech, in a video, immediately following the presentation and written. The effectiveness of this method ultimately depends on the individual. So, when giving feedback, it is important to be sensitive to the fact that if delivered in the wrong way, it can have negative effects. In this example, a speech professor gives a lecture video about eye contact. This lecture is similar to feedback you might likely receive or give to some one who has just given a speech.
Penn State Reticence Program
Paragraph.